How does Link 16 overcome line-of-sight limitations of JTIDS/MIDS?

Link 16 overcomes line-of-sight limitations primarily through the use of the Joint Range Extensions Applications Protocol (JREAP). JREAP allows for the transmission of Link 16 data over various communication mediums, including long-haul communications infrastructure. It extends the reach of Link 16 operations beyond the typical line-of-sight capabilities by enabling data to be transmitted over satellite links and network-enabled communications. This is particularly useful in environments where direct radio line-of-sight is obstructed, ensuring that users can still receive and send critical tactical information regardless of their physical location.

The other options, while relevant in different contexts, do not primarily address the specific challenge of line-of-sight limitations. Local data exchanges are useful for maintaining communication within a smaller area but do not extend range. Increasing terminal transmission power can improve communication at a limited range but doesn't fundamentally solve the line-of-sight issue. Utilizing alternative frequencies may provide options for communication, but it still requires a line-of-sight capacity unless using services like satellites, which is what JREAP specifically enhances.