What does the term 'hopping rate' refer to in Link 16 communications?

The term 'hopping rate' in Link 16 communications specifically refers to the frequency at which channels are changed. This is a fundamental characteristic of the Link 16 communication system, which utilizes frequency hopping as a method of enhancing secure and reliable communication. By rapidly changing frequencies, the system can minimize the risk of jamming and improve resistance to interception, making it a robust option for tactical military communications.

In Link 16, the hopping rate determines how frequently the system switches from one frequency to another within a designated frequency band. This ensures that communication can be maintained over multiple frequencies, thereby allowing for efficient use of the available spectrum and enhanced operational flexibility.

The other options, though related to communication systems in general, do not accurately define 'hopping rate.' The speed at which data is transmitted pertains to data rates but does not describe how often frequencies change. The power output is more associated with signal strength rather than frequency management, and the distance covered by the signal relates to propagation characteristics rather than the rate of frequency changing. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for comprehending the operational mechanics of Link 16 systems.