Which of the following are disadvantages of Indirect (Relay) connectivity?

Indirect (Relay) connectivity involves transmitting information through one or more intermediary nodes, rather than a direct connection from source to destination. One significant disadvantage of this method is increased latency. This occurs because the data must travel through additional points before reaching its final destination, which can slow down the overall communication process. As a result, time-sensitive operations may experience delays, which can affect decision-making and mission effectiveness in joint operations.

While the other options may hold some merit in certain contexts, they do not directly relate to the core challenges presented by indirect connectivity. For instance, decreased security may not be solely attributed to relay methods, as security depends on various factors including encryption and access controls. Limited range might also be a misnomer in this context, as relay methods can sometimes extend coverage rather than limit it. Higher costs could be applicable due to the need for more infrastructure, but this is not as universally recognized as the impact of latency on operational efficiency.